Vladimir Nabokov

our demons & electricity in Ada

By Alexey Sklyarenko, 6 April, 2022

In VN’s novel Ada (1969) the action takes place on Demonia, Earth’s twin planet also known as Antiterra. Describing the difference between Terra and Antiterra, Van Veen (the narrator and main character in Ada) mentions our enchanters, our demons:

 

Revelation can be more perilous than Revolution. Sick minds identified the notion of a Terra planet with that of another world and this ‘Other World’ got confused not only with the ‘Next World’ but with the Real World in us and beyond us. Our enchanters, our demons, are noble iridescent creatures with translucent talons and mightily beating wings; but in the eighteen-sixties the New Believers urged one to imagine a sphere where our splendid friends had been utterly degraded, had become nothing but vicious monsters, disgusting devils, with the black scrota of carnivora and the fangs of serpents, revilers and tormentors of female souls; while on the opposite side of the cosmic lane a rainbow mist of angelic spirits, inhabitants of sweet Terra, restored all the stalest but still potent myths of old creeds, with rearrangement for melodeon of all the cacophonies of all the divinities and divines ever spawned in the marshes of this our sufficient world.

Sufficient for your purpose, Van, entendons-nous. (Note in the margin.) (1.3)

 

Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): entendons-nous: let’s have it clear (Fr.).

 

 In a letter of July 6, 1888, to I. I. Fudel Konstantin Leontiev (1831-91) mentions lozhnyi svet demonov (the false light of demons):

 

Однажды я спросил у одного весьма начитанного духовника-монаха: отчего государственно-религиозное падение Рима, при всех ужасах Колизея, цареубийств, самоубийств и при утонченно-сатанинском половом разврате, имело в себе, однако, так много неотразимой поэзии, а современное демократическое разложение Европы так некрасиво, сухо, прозаично? Никогда не забуду, как он восхитил и поразил меня своим ответом! -- "Бог это свет и духовный, и вещественный; свет чистейший и неизобразимый... Есть и ложный свет, обманчивый. Это свет демонов, существ, Богом же созданных, но уклонившихся, как вам известно. Классический мир и во время падения своего поклонялся, хотя и ложному, свету языческих божеств, но все-таки свету... А современная Европа даже и демонов не знает. Ее жизнь даже и ложным светом не освещается!" -- Вот что сказал этот начитанный и мыслящий старец! (Кстати напомнить, вам, вероятно, известно, что святоотеческое христианство признает реальное существование языческих богов; но оно считает их демонами, постоянно увлекавшими человечество на свой ложный путь! Боже, до чего совершенно, до чего ясно, до чего умно, идеально и в то же время практично это учение... Чем больше его узнаешь, тем больше дивишься!)".

 

According to a learned monk whom Leontiev asked why the political and religious fall of Rome had so much poetry about it and the modern democratic degradation of Europe is so prosaic, the classical world even at the time of its decline worshipped the false light of pagan deities and the contemporary Europe does know even demons. Leontiev points out that the Russian Greek-Orthodox church acknowledges the real existence of pagan gods but considers them demons who constantly lead mankind astray.

 

At the beginning of Ispoved’ muzha (“Confessions of a Husband,” 1867), Konstantin Leontiev’s novel written in diary form, the diarist wonders chto takoe elektrichestvo (what electricity is):

 

Слава Богу, я не беден! Морской ветерок веет в моем саду; кипарисы мои печальны и безжизненны вблизи, но прекрасны между другой зеленью. По морю тихо идут корабли к пустынным берегам Азовского моря... Паруса белеют вдали. Я с утра слежу за ними. Они выходят из-за последних скал громады, которая отделила нас от Балаклавы; а к обеду они уже скрылись за мысок, где растет столько мелкого дуба и где я один гуляю по вечерам. Чего я хочу? я покоен. Никто не возьмет моих кипарисов, моего дома, обвитого виноградом; никто не мешает мне прививать новые прививы и ездить верхом до самого Аю-Дага и дальше... Да! я покоен. Здесь хорошо; зимы нет, рабства нашего нет. Татары веселы, не бедны, живописны и независимы. Общества здесь нет — и слава Богу! Я не люблю общества, на что оно мне? Успехи? они у меня были; но жизнь так создана, что в ту минуту, когда жаждешь успеха, он не приходит, а пришел, — его почти не чувствуешь.

Когда я один, я могу думать о себе и быть довольным; при других, как бы хорошо со мной ни обращались, мне все недостаточно. Разве бы триумфальное вступление в город при криках народа, в прекрасную погоду, на лошади, которая играла бы подо мной, и не в нынешнем мундире, а в одежде, которую я сам бы создал и за которую женщины боготворили бы меня столько же, сколько и за подвиги мои; боготворили бы и шептали: «зачем мы его не знали прежде, когда он был молод!» Это я понимаю. Иначе о чем заботиться? Не лучше ли следить за медленным бегом кораблей отсюда и думать: «Везде люди! везде они борются и спешат. А я не борюсь и не спешу! Вам на палубе жарко, а в каюте душно, а мне прохладно и под этой смоковницей, которая растет так пышно, и в кабинете моем с разноцветными окнами!» Гораздо лучше.

Да, кстати о стеклах. Я люблю иногда по очереди глядеть то в жолтое, то в синее, то в красное стекло, то в обыкновенное белое, из моих окон в сад. И вот что мне приходит в голову: отчего же именно белое представляет все в настоящем виде? В жолтом стекле все веселее, как небывалым солнцем облита и озолочена зелень сада; веселье доходит до боли, до крика! В красное — все зловеще и блистательно, как зарево большого пожара, как первое действие всемiрного конца. Не знаю, в которое из двух, в синее или в лиловое, — все ужаснее и мертвее: сад, море и скалы; все угасло и оцепенело... Так ли мы видим все? И почему мы думаем, что мы именно правы? что деревья зелены, заря красна, скала черна? Никем невиданный эфир волнуется в беспредельности; его размеренные волны ударяют в нерв глаза... Но что такое нерв? Проводник электричества до ячейки? Но что такое электричество? Но что такое ячейка? И кто поклянется, что стенки ее, не шутя, уже без ткани и что в недрах ее не кипит бездонная пропасть жизни? И тем более, почему мы думаем о нравственных предметах с такой самоуверенностью? Почему человек должен жить в обществе? Почему здравый смысл в этом деле здрав а не повальная ошибка? Ведь мы смотрим на средние века как на безумие веры, а XXI век не взглянет ли на наш как на безумие положительности, здравого смысла и пользолюбия? Был же один человек (Дальтон, кажется), который не видал никогда никаких красок, и весь ландшафт вселенной был для него непокрашенной гравюрой. Почему же он не прав? Потому что не так, как все? Да и Сократ был не так, как все, и Авраама соседи, верно, считали безумным, когда он ушел от отца, чтобы развить единобожие! (the entry of May, 1850)

 

After the L disaster in the beau milieu of the 19th century electricity (“the unmentionable magnetic power”) was banned on Demonia:

 

The details of the L disaster (and I do not mean Elevated) in the beau milieu of last century, which had the singular effect of both causing and cursing the notion of ‘Terra,’ are too well-known historically, and too obscene spiritually, to be treated at length in a book addressed to young laymen and lemans — and not to grave men or gravemen.

Of course, today, after great anti-L years of reactionary delusion have gone by (more or less!) and our sleek little machines, Faragod bless them, hum again after a fashion, as they did in the first half of the nineteenth century, the mere geographic aspect of the affair possesses its redeeming comic side, like those patterns of brass marquetry, and bric-à-Braques, and the ormolu horrors that meant ‘art’ to our humorless forefathers. For, indeed, none can deny the presence of something highly ludicrous in the very configurations that were solemnly purported to represent a varicolored map of Terra. Ved’ (‘it is, isn’t it’) sidesplitting to imagine that ‘Russia,’ instead of being a quaint synonym of Estoty, the American province extending from the Arctic no longer vicious Circle to the United States proper, was on Terra the name of a country, transferred as if by some sleight of land across the ha-ha of a doubled ocean to the opposite hemisphere where it sprawled over all of today’s Tartary, from Kurland to the Kuriles! But (even more absurdly), if, in Terrestrial spatial terms, the Amerussia of Abraham Milton was split into its components, with tangible water and ice separating the political, rather than poetical, notions of ‘America’ and ‘Russia,’ a more complicated and even more preposterous discrepancy arose in regard to time — not only because the history of each part of the amalgam did not quite match the history of each counterpart in its discrete condition, but because a gap of up to a hundred years one way or another existed between the two earths; a gap marked by a bizarre confusion of directional signs at the crossroads of passing time with not all the no-longers of one world corresponding to the not-yets of the other. It was owing, among other things, to this ‘scientifically ungraspable’ concourse of divergences that minds bien rangés (not apt to unhobble hobgoblins) rejected Terra as a fad or a fantom, and deranged minds (ready to plunge into any abyss) accepted it in support and token of their own irrationality. (1.3)

 

Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): beau milieu: right in the middle.

Faragod: apparently, the god of electricity.

braques: allusion to a bric-à-brac painter.

 

Poor Aqua, whose fancies were apt to fall for all the fangles of cranks and Christians, envisaged vividly a minor hymnist’s paradise, a future America of alabaster buildings one hundred stories high, resembling a beautiful furniture store crammed with tall white-washed wardrobes and shorter fridges; she saw giant flying sharks with lateral eyes taking barely one night to carry pilgrims through black ether across an entire continent from dark to shining sea, before booming back to Seattle or Wark. She heard magic-music boxes talking and singing, drowning the terror of thought, uplifting the lift girl, riding down with the miner, praising beauty and godliness, the Virgin and Venus in the dwellings of the lonely and the poor. The unmentionable magnetic power denounced by evil lawmakers in this our shabby country — oh, everywhere, in Estoty and Canady, in ‘German’ Mark Kennensie, as well as in ‘Swedish’ Manitobogan, in the workshop of the red-shirted Yukonets as well as in the kitchen of the red-kerchiefed Lyaskanka, and in ‘French’ Estoty, from Bras d’Or to Ladore — and very soon throughout both our Americas, and all over the other stunned continents — was used on Terra as freely as water and air, as bibles and brooms. Two or three centuries earlier she might have been just another consumable witch.

In her erratic student years Aqua had left fashionable Brown Hill College, founded by one of her less reputable ancestors, to participate (as was also fashionable) in some Social Improvement project or another in the Severnïya Territorii. She organized with Milton Abraham’s invaluable help a Phree Pharmacy in Belokonsk, and fell grievously in love there with a married man, who after one summer of parvenu passion dispensed to her in his Camping Ford garçonnière preferred to give her up rather than run the risk of endangering his social situation in a philistine town where businessmen played ‘golf’ on Sundays and belonged to ‘lodges.’ The dreadful sickness, roughly diagnosed in her case, and in that of other unfortunate people, as an ‘extreme form of mystical mania combined with existalienation’ (otherwise plain madness), crept over her by degrees, with intervals of ecstatic peace, with skipped areas of precarious sanity, with sudden dreams of eternity-certainty, which grew ever rarer and briefer.

After her death in 1883, Van computed that in the course of thirteen years, counting every presumed moment of presence, counting the dismal visits to her various hospitals, as well as her sudden tumultuous appearances in the middle of the night (wrestling with her husband or the frail but agile English governess all the way upstairs, wildly welcomed by the old appenzeller — and finally making the nursery, wigless, slipperless, with bloodied fingernails), he had actually seen her, or been near her, all in all, for a length of time hardly exceeding that of human gestation.

The rosy remoteness of Terra was soon veiled for her by direful mists. Her disintegration went down a shaft of phases, every one more racking than the last; for the human brain can become the best torture house of all those it has invented, established and used in millions of years, in millions of lands, on millions of howling creatures.

She developed a morbid sensitivity to the language of tap water — which echoes sometimes (much as the bloodstream does predormitarily) a fragment of human speech lingering in one’s ears while one washes one’s hands after cocktails with strangers. Upon first noticing this immediate, sustained, and in her case rather eager and mocking but really quite harmless replay of this or that recent discourse, she felt tickled at the thought that she, poor Aqua, had accidentally hit upon such a simple method of recording and transmitting speech, while technologists (the so-called Eggheads) all over the world were trying to make publicly utile and commercially rewarding the extremely elaborate and still very expensive, hydrodynamic telephones and other miserable gadgets that were to replace those that had gone k chertyam sobach’im (Russian ‘to the devil’) with the banning of an unmentionable ‘lammer.’ Soon, however, the rhythmically perfect, but verbally rather blurred volubility of faucets began to acquire too much pertinent sense. The purity of the running water’s enunciation grew in proportion to the nuisance it made of itself. It spoke soon after she had listened, or been exposed, to somebody talking — not necessarily to her — forcibly and expressively, a person with a rapid characteristic voice, and very individual or very foreign phrasal intonations, some compulsive narrator’s patter at a horrible party, or a liquid soliloquy in a tedious play, or Van’s lovely voice, or a bit of poetry heard at a lecture, my lad, my pretty, my love, take pity, but especially the more fluid and flou Italian verse, for instance that ditty recited between knee-knocking and palpebra-lifting, by a half-Russian, half-dotty old doctor, doc, toc, ditty, dotty, ballatetta, deboletta... tu, voce sbigottita... spigotty e diavoletta... de lo cor dolente... con ballatetta va... va... della strutta, destruttamente... mente... mente... stop that record, or the guide will go on demonstrating as he did this very morning in Florence a silly pillar commemorating, he said, the ‘elmo’ that broke into leaf when they carried stone-heavy-dead St Zeus by it through the gradual, gradual shade; or the Arlington harridan talking incessantly to her silent husband as the vineyards sped by, and even in the tunnel (they can’t do this to you, you tell them, Jack Black, you just tell them...). Bathwater (or shower) was too much of a Caliban to speak distinctly — or perhaps was too brutally anxious to emit the hot torrent and get rid of the infernal ardor — to bother about small talk; but the burbly flowlets grew more and more ambitious and odious, and when at her first ‘home’ she heard one of the most hateful of the visiting doctors (the Cavalcanti quoter) garrulously pour hateful instructions in Russian-lapped German into her hateful bidet, she decided to stop turning on tap water altogether. (ibid.)

 

Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Yukonets: inhabitant of Yukon (Russ.).

lammer: amber (Fr: l’ambre), allusion to electricity.

my lad, my pretty, etc: paraphrase of a verse in Housman.

ballatetta: fragmentation and distortion of a passage in a ‘little ballad’ by the Italian poet Guido Cavalcanti (1255-1300). The relevant lines are: ‘you frightened and weak little voice that comes weeping from my woeful heart, go with my soul and that ditty, telling of a destroyed mind.’

 

Aqua's twin sister Marina (Van's, Ada's and Lucette's mother) brings to mind Marinaki, a character in Leontiev's novel.