According to Kinbote, the maiden name of Shade’s wife Sybil, Irondell, comes from hirondelle (Fr., “swallow”). Shade’s and Kinbote’s “real” name seems to be Vsevolod Botkin, and the “real” name of Botkin’s wife seems to be Sofia Lastochkin. At the end of his poem Lastochka (“The Swallow,” 1794) Derzhavin compares his soul to a swallow and wonders if in the ethereal abyss he would ever see his deceased wife:

 

Душа моя! гостья ты мира:
Не ты ли перната сия? —
Воспой же бессмертие, лира!

Восстану, восстану и я, —
Восстану, — и в бездне эфира
Увижу ль тебя я, Пленира?

 

My soul! You are a guest of the world:

Isn’t you this feathered creature?

So sing of immortality, my lyre!

I too, I too will arise,

I will arise and in the abyss of ether

Will I see you, my Plenira?

 

Derzhavin called his first wife Plenira. In a footnote to his “Ode to Count Khvostov” (1825) Pushkin mentions the fact that throughout his numerous poems Khvostov calls his wife (born Princess Gorchakov) Temyra:

 

Графиня Хвостова, урождённая княжна Горчакова, достойная супруга маститого нашего Певца. Во многочисленных своих стихотворениях везде называет он её Темирою (см. последн. замеч. в оде «Заздравный кубок»).

 

A guest of Khvostov, Suvorov died in his St. Petersburg house in the presence of Derzhavin. In his Snigir’ (“The Bullfinch,” 1800), a poem written on Suvorov’s death, Derzhavin mentions Giena (“Hyena,” as the poet calls Napoleon’s France):

 

Что ты заводишь песню военну
Флейте подобно, милый снигирь?
С кем мы пойдём войной на Гиену?
Кто теперь вождь наш? Кто богатырь?
Сильный где, храбрый, быстрый Суворов?
Северны громы в гробе лежат.

 

In Russian, giena (hyena) is a homonym of geenna (Gehenna). In his poem Imitation of the Italian (1836), beginning Kak s dreva sorvalsya predatel’ uchenik… (“When the traitor disciple fell from the tree…”), Pushkin mentions Judas’ trup zhivoy (living corpse) cast by the devil into the maw of starved Gehenna:

 

Как с древа сорвался предатель ученик,

Диявол прилетел, к лицу его приник,

Дхнул жизнь в него, взвился с своей добычей смрадной

И бросил труп живой в гортань геенны гладной...

Там бесы, радуясь и плеща, на рога

Прияли с хохотом всемирного врага

И шумно понесли к проклятому владыке,

И сатана, привстав, с веселием на лике

Лобзанием своим насквозь прожег уста,

В предательскую ночь лобзавшие Христа.

 

The poem is Pushkin’s rendering in the Alexandrines of a sonnet about Judas (Sopra Giuda) by the Italian poet Francesco Gianni (1760-1822). Btw., according to Kinbote, in Zemblan ‘tree’ is grados.

 

Zhivoy trup (“A Living Corpse,” 1900) is a play by Leo Tostoy. The full title of Tolstoy’s play Vlast’ t’my (“The Power of Darkness,” 1887) is Vlast’ t’my, ili Kogotok uvyaz – vsey ptichke propast’ (“The Power of Darkness, or if a Claw is Caught, the Bird is Lost”).

 

Carolyn, you are not inventing or parodying. Lastochka (“The Swift”) in VN’s reading can be listened to here:

 

https://www.google.ru/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBsQtwIwAGoVChMI3ZqM6uaPyQIVa6dyCh0snwcy&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTdn5SxFAMEg&usg=AFQjCNGwIkmbVa7X_ZF4MFdV5r4Dxy0P-A&sig2=6IAra01RAbLDca99Aq57Ng&bvm=bv.107467506,d.bGQ&cad=rjt

 

Alexey Sklyarenko

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